Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

What typically causes ileus in patients with peritonitis?

1. Excessive fluid intake

2. Absent peristalsis in the intestine

3. Infection of the pancreas

4. Inflammation of the stomach lining

The correct answer is: Absent peristalsis in the intestine

Ileus in patients with peritonitis is primarily caused by absent peristalsis in the intestine. Peritonitis is an inflammatory condition of the peritoneum, often due to infection or irritation from other abdominal issues. In response, the body can reflexively decrease intestinal motility to limit the movement of potentially harmful substances and reduce pain. This cessation of peristalsis results in ileus, which is characterized by a lack of intestinal movement and subsequent bowel obstruction, leading to difficulties in digestion and passage of stool. The absence of peristalsis can be influenced by both the physiological responses of the body to inflammation and the disruption of neural pathways that control bowel activity. Thus, understanding this mechanism is critical for EMTs in recognizing and managing patients who present with signs of ileus, particularly in the context of infection and inflammation such as peritonitis.