Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

Which clinical finding is most indicative of inadequate breathing?

1. Respirations of 20 breaths/min and full tidal volume

2. Respirations of 12 breaths/min and increased tidal volume

3. Respirations of 16 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume

4. Respirations of 24 breaths/min and hyperventilation

The correct answer is: Respirations of 16 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume

Identifying inadequate breathing requires an assessment of both respiratory rate and tidal volume—the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath. Inadequate breathing typically presents with a low tidal volume, meaning the individual is not taking in enough air with each breath, regardless of the respiratory rate. In the context of the provided choices, the scenario with respirations of 16 breaths per minute combined with reduced tidal volume stands out as the most indicative of inadequate breathing. Although the respiratory rate of 16 breaths per minute falls within what is typically considered a normal range for adults (12 to 20 breaths/min), the emphasis on reduced tidal volume suggests that the effective ventilation and gas exchange are compromised. This means that despite having a seemingly normal respiratory rate, the amount of air being delivered to the lungs is insufficient to meet the body's metabolic needs, leading to inadequate oxygenation. Assessing the other options illustrates important distinctions. Respirations of 20 breaths/min with full tidal volume suggest adequate breathing, even if the respiratory rate is somewhat elevated. A rate of 12 breaths/min with increased tidal volume also indicates sufficient ventilation and oxygen availability. Finally, 24 breaths/min associated with hyperventilation might imply increased respiratory effort, but it does not necessarily indicate inadequate