Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

Which of the following signs is MOST indicative of adequate breathing?

1. Respirations of 12 breaths/min

2. Respirations of 20 breaths/min

3. Respirations of 30 breaths/min

4. Respirations of 40 breaths/min

The correct answer is: Respirations of 20 breaths/min

Adequate breathing is determined by respiratory rate, depth, and the effectiveness of the respirations in providing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the body. In adults, a normal respiratory rate typically ranges from 12 to 20 breaths per minute. The choice indicating respirations of 20 breaths per minute falls within this normal range, suggesting that the individual is likely breathing adequately. This rate indicates the individual is able to maintain proper gas exchange without experiencing either hypo- or hyperventilation, which can occur at rates outside of the normal range. On the other hand, a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute could also be adequate, but it is on the lower end and may warrant further evaluation, especially if accompanied by other signs of inadequate breathing. Respirations at 30 or 40 breaths per minute indicate tachypnea, which may suggest the body is in distress and trying to compensate for a lack of oxygen or an excess of carbon dioxide. Such elevated rates could lead to shallow breathing and impaired gas exchange over time, indicating possible inadequate breathing. Thus, the selection of 20 breaths per minute as the sign of adequate breathing is based on it falling comfortably within the expected normal range for adults, allowing for effective ventilation and gas exchange.