Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Intermediate Practice Exam

Why are patients with COPD particularly susceptible to pneumonia?

1. They cannot effectively expel infected pulmonary secretions

2. They have reduced lung capacity

3. They undergo frequent hospitalizations

4. They are commonly exposed to allergens

The correct answer is: They cannot effectively expel infected pulmonary secretions

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are particularly susceptible to pneumonia due to their inability to effectively expel infected pulmonary secretions. The disease is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to mucus production and retention in the lungs. This accumulation of secretions can create an environment conducive to infections, as mucus can harbor bacteria and other pathogens. The impaired ability to clear these secretions makes it challenging for individuals with COPD to eliminate infectious agents that may enter the respiratory system. As a result, they are at a higher risk for developing pneumonia, as the pathogens can proliferate and overcome the compromised respiratory defenses. While reduced lung capacity, frequent hospitalizations, and exposure to allergens may contribute to the overall risk factors associated with COPD, the primary concern in this context is the efficiency of secretions management in the lungs, highlighting the importance of effective airway clearance in preventing respiratory infections.